Adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile: the moderating role of the attachment style

Abstract Background Identifying the underlying mechanisms through which adverse childhood experiences affect (ACEs) the mental health of adolescents is of paramount importance for disease prevention in later stages of life. Objective The present study examines the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile and how attachment style (abandonment anxiety and intimacy avoidance) may moderate this relationship. A total of 154 schooled adolescents aged 12 to 17 (M = 15.08, SD = 1.64) completed a series of self-report questionnaires including the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACEs), Experiences in Close Relationships-Relationship Structures (ECR-RS), and Youth Self Report (YSR-18). Results The data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25, which included descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation analysis. To address moderation analysis, the PROCESS macro extension version 4.1 was employed. In this process, the bootstrap method was applied to construct confidence intervals, and the pick-a-point approach was used to define the levels of the moderating variable. According to the results, 80.3% of the sample experienced one or more ACEs, and 16.4% reported experiencing at least three. Furthermore, the variables under study exhibited significant correlations with each other, except for intimacy avoidance, which showed no correlation with ACEs (rho = −0.10; p = 0.273). When considering abandonment anxiety as a moderating variable, the direct effect of ACEs on externalizing symptoms showed statistically significant changes (β = 0.60, p = 0.03). No other moderating effects were found according to the proposed models. Conclusion In childhood, the accumulation of ACEs is associated with the development of psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile, specifically with the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that lower levels of abandonment anxiety could mitigate the effects of ACEs on adolescent psychopathology, while higher levels of abandonment anxiety could exacerbate these effects on psychopathology.

¿Como viven su enfermedad las personas en diálisis?: una mirada cualitativa a la experiencia del paciente

Background: End-stage chronic kidney disease is a severe public health problem due to the poor quality of life of patients on dialysis and the costs associated with renal replacement treatment. Aim: To understand the social representations of kidney disease of people on dialysis. Material and Methods: In a qualitative study under the post-positivist paradigm, eighteen patients in peritoneal or hemodialysis participated in an in-depth interview. The analysis was performed using content analysis. Results: Eight categories were identified: Friends, Health Care Team, Spirituality and Disease, Family, Health Support System, Physical Consequences, Psychosocial Consequences, Self-Care of Continuous Health-Disease. Conclusions: Health care of people on dialysis should take into consideration the experience of kidney disease from the perspective of the patient, including his beliefs and feelings and involving the family, community, and the state.

La autoetnografía interpretativa para humanizar la investigación social en contextos transfronterizos latinoamericanos / Auto etnografía interpretativa como metodologia para humanizar a investigação social em contextos fronterizos latinoamericanos / Interpretive autoethnography as qualitative methodology to humanize social research in latin americ an transboundary contexts

Resumen: Este manuscrito tiene como objetivo conectar el momento actual de la Investigación Cualitativa contemporánea con la audiencia de investigación cualitativa latinoamericana desde una aproximación interdisciplinaria. Para ello se expondrán los principales enunciados que sitúan la investigación cualitativa desde la tradición de la autoetnografía interpretativa, entendida como una forma de investigación crítica que busca, entre otros fines, sensibilizar, evocar y transformar realidades a partir de la escritura experimental como forma de investigar. Esta metodología, ampliamente empleada en proyectos de investigación en países angloparlantes para abordar injusticias y problemas que afectan las vidas de personas sin voz, permite relevar conocimientos desde lo auto, lo etno, a lo social. En el presente manuscrito se realiza una reseña bibliográfica acerca del método y un ejemplo tomado a partir de la experiencia de trabajo de campo en el proyecto Fondecyt regular Nº 1160869 "Relaciones e interacciones sociales de niños hijos de inmigrantes y niños chilenos en las escuelas de Arica". Se discute las aplicaciones y los aportes de esta metodología para la investigación social desde la voz de una mujer latinoamericana que desarrolla su línea de investigación desde una región fronteriza, y cómo estas metodologías pueden atender a los cuidados de los participantes de los estudios.

Abstract: This paper aims to connect the present moment of contemporary Qualitative Inquiry with the Latin American qualitative inquiry audience from an interdisciplinary approach. In order to do so, the main statements that place the QI in present times will be presented, specifically the tradition of interpretative autoethnography understood as a form of critical research that seeks to sensitize, to evoke and to transform realities through experimental writing as a way of investigating. This methodology, widely used in research projects in English speaking countries to address injustices and problems that affect the lives of voiceless people, allows to relay knowledge from the self, the ethno, to the social. In this paper, a bibliographical review about the method is conducted and addresses an example taken from field work experience in the project Fondecyt regular Nº 1160869 "Relationships and social interactions of children of immigrants and Chilean children in the schools of Arica". The applications and contributions of this methodology for social research are discussed through the voice of a Latin American woman who develops her research line from a border region, and how these methodologies can address the caretaking of the participants of the study

Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo conectar o momento atual da Investigação Qualitativa, com o público da investigação qualitativa latino-americana, desde uma perspectiva interdisciplinar. Para isso serão expostos os principais e atuais conceitos que situam a IQ, especificamente a tradição da autoetnografia interpretativa, entendida como uma forma de investigação crítica que busca entre outros fins, sensibilizar, evocar e transformar realidades a partir da escrita experimental como forma de investigar. Esta metodologia amplamente empregada em projetos de investigações em países de língua inglesa, para abordar injustiças e problemas que afetam as vidas das pessoas sem voz, permite revelar conhecimentos desde o auto, o etno até o social. No presente trabalho, realiza-se uma resenha bibliográfica acerca desse método e um exemplo tomado a partir da experiência do trabalho de campo no projeto Fondecyt regular Nº 1160869 "Relações e interações sociais de crianças filhas de imigrantes e crianças chilenas nas escolas de Arica." Discutiremos as aplicações e os aportes desta metodologia para a investigação social, desde a voz de uma mulher latino-americana que desenvolve sua linha de investigação em uma região fronteiriça, e como estas metodologias podem atender aos cuidados dos que participam desses estudos

Concepción de mundo, aspectos contextuales y bienestar psicológico en chilenos supervivientes a experiencias de prisión y tortura por motivos políticos a más de 30 años de ocurridos los hechos / World conception, contextual aspects, and psychological well-being of chilean survivors of political torture and imprisonment after more than 30 years

El objetivo principal es estudiar los efectos psicológicos a largo plazo de experiencias de prisión y tortura política en la concepción de mundo de un grupo de chilenos supervivientes a estas experiencias. El diseño es descriptivo de tipo ex post facto con metodología cualitativa de análisis de contenido, y el uso de los programas informáticos QSR-Nvivo6 y SPSS. Se concluye la presencia de secuelas psicológicas a largo plazo de experiencias de represión política, manifestada en una concepción negativa del mundo, en todos los participantes, atribuida principalmente a causas humanas. Esto se relaciona con la valoración de vivir en un mundo influenciado por el ex régimen militar chileno, e insatisfacción con la sociedad chilena, debido a la percepción de su apoyo al mismo régimen político.

The main objective of this article is to study the long-term psychological effects of imprisonment and torture experiences for political reasons in the world conception of a group of Chilean survivors. The design is a descriptive ex-post facto model, including qualitative methodology on content analysis, and QRS Nvivo6 and SPSS software. Results suggest the presence of longterm psychological effects from political repression experiences, expressed in a negative world conception attributed mainly to human actions in all the participants. This relates to the perception that the former military regime keeps its influences in the world, as well as the Chilean society’s dissatisfaction with the violations of Human Rights occurred in Chile.